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Articles

Reference notes on FPGA timing closure, constraints, and verification.

Topics include timing analysis, constraint methodology, and RTL design patterns.

Resets: The Timing Event You Forgot

Understanding reset timing - recovery, removal, async assert sync deassert, reset trees, and why sporadic startup failures haunt your design

CDC: Two Flip-Flops Are Not Magic

Understanding clock domain crossing - synchronizers, metastability, pulse transfer, gray code, and why 2-flop sync only works for levels

Silicon Real Estate: Your Resource Budget

Understanding FPGA resource utilization - LUTs, registers, BRAM, DSPs, and why 94% utilization means your design won't close timing

Pipelining Without Breaking Your Protocol

Understanding how to add pipeline registers without breaking valid/ready handshakes - skid buffers, register slices, and protocol-correct timing fixes

Understanding Timing Analysis

A deep dive into static timing analysis - understanding slack, path delays, clock skew, and why period minus data path is not your margin